What causes brake fade to occur?

Brake fade primarily occurs due to the overheating of the brake components. When brakes are engaged, the friction generated between the brake pads and the brake rotors produces heat. If the braking system is used excessively or maintained for extended periods, this heat can build up to a point where the materials involved—like brake pads, rotors, and fluid—begin to lose their effectiveness.

As the temperature rises, the brake pads can become less effective at generating friction, leading to a notable decrease in braking power. This is known as brake fade. In some severe cases, the brake fluid can also boil, creating bubbles that can further diminish braking performance.

Understanding this process is crucial for drivers, especially those operating vehicles with air brake systems, as it highlights the importance of proper brake cooling and avoiding prolonged or excessive braking under heavy loads or in steep conditions. This knowledge helps in maintaining safe driving practices and ensuring that brakes operate reliably throughout their intended use.